The term “industry” as defined in Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 is as follows : “Industry” means any business, trade, undertaking, manufacture, or calling of employers and includes any calling, service, employment, handicraft or industrial occupation or avocation of workman”. In its interpretation practical problems have arisen because of the difficulty of applying this definition to the complex socio-economic structure of modern industrial society. In the heydays of laissez faire economy, industrial activity generally assumed the form of investment of private capital with profit motive as the guiding force per entrepreneurial activity. However, with the State entering the economic field in a big way, this notion of industrial enterprise has been drastically revised and it cannot be said any more that the driving force of industrial activity is profit motive. Apart from this, there are many activities undertaken in mo ....