The withdrawal of Indonesia1 from the membership of the United Nations apparently as a protest against the inclusion of Malaysia in the Security Council, has given rise to a serious legal problem regarding the withdrawal of a State from the membership of the United Nations. The basic question is not that a Nation in furtherance of some subjective political advantage, in the exercise of the inherent rights attributed to Sovereignty, should be allowed to damage the essential purpose of the world organization, but the question is whether, under the existing customary International Law, and after the establishment of a super-International Organization the United Nations, can a Member State withdraw from membership of the World Organization ? The position under the Covenant of the League of Nations was certainly different. The Preamble of the Covenant declared that "the High Contracting Parties" for the objects and purposes specified in the prea ....